Home > Blossary: gene-editing
Borehole geophysics is one aspect of borehole measurements, partially overlapping with other aspects such as borehole sampling, borehole testing, and borehole monitoring. Borehole geophysical investigations apply special downhole instruments, so-called logging sondes, to measure, record and analyze continuously or at discrete depths physical properties of the geological formations around a borehole, which is termed borehole or downhole logging. The logging sondes gene editing, the ability to make highly specific changes in the DNA sequence of a living organism, essentially customizing its genetic makeup. Gene editing is performed using enzymes, particularly nucleases that have been engineered to target a specific DNA sequence, where they introduce cuts into the DNA strands, enabling the removal of existing DNA and the insertion of replacement DNA. Key among gene-editing technologies is a molecular tool known as CRISPR-Cas9, a powerful technology discovered in 2012 by American scientist Jennifer Doudna, French scientist Emmanuelle Charpentier, and colleagues and refined by American scientist Feng Zhang and colleagues. CRISPR-Cas9 functioned with precision, allowing researchers to remove and insert DNA in the desired locations.
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